The Contribution of the Hulene-B Waste Dump (Maputo, Mozambique) to the Contamination of Rhizosphere Soils, Edible Plants, Stream Waters, and Groundwaters

The contamination of ecosystems in areas around waste dumps is a major threat to the health surrounding populations. aim this study understand contribution Hulene-B dump (Maputo, Mozambique) edible plants, rhizosphere soils, stream waters, and groundwater, assess human risk. Soil plant samples were analyzed by XRD XRF for mineralogical chemical composition characterization, respectively. Mineral phases identified soil ranked, calcite (CaCO3) > quartz (SiO2) phyllosilicates (micas kaolinite) anhydrite (CaSO4) K feldspar (KAlSi3O8) opal (SiO2·nH2O) gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O), suggesting potential toxic elements low mobility. environmental indices showed pollution Pb Cu Zn Zr. plants revealed Ni, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ti, Groundwaters waters risk Hg and, one irrigation water sample, content. hazard index soils was higher ingestion, with children being ones more exposed. Results suggested combined exposure groundwaters.